| 1. | A sufficiently energetic particle can penetrate the entire stack of parallel plates .
能量充足的粒子能够穿透全部平行板。 |
| 2. | Solar flares and energetic particle events also complicate matters by interrupting satellite and shortwave radio communications
太阳耀斑和高能粒子则会干扰人造卫星及短波广播通讯系统运作。 |
| 3. | There exists strong magnetic field and abundant energetic particles in active coronal region , in magnetic field the extremely relativistic electrons will produce synchrotron radiation
太阳日冕中存在较强的磁场和大量的高能电子，在磁场中极端相对论电子将产生同步加速辐射。 |
| 4. | Caption : : the dramatical phenomenon , is characterised by having a dashing luminance in the upper layer of the atmosphere , created by the collisions of energetic particles of solar wind with the atoms and molecules in the polar areas
当太阳风被地球磁场引领至两极地区，与地球大气层的粒子发生碰撞时，便会形成极光，宛如一张色彩斑澜的轻妙扫过夜空，绚丽夺目。 |
| 5. | The space energetic particle environment inducing seu includes galactic cosmic ray , solar cosmic ray and high - energy trapped protons and heavy ions . these particles have enough energy and can deposit energy and generate charge in the sensitive volume ( sv ) of device
这些粒子有足够的能量，能在器件的灵敏区中沉积足够的能量和产生足够的电荷，当沉积的电荷超过临界电荷时，电路就产生了翻转，即单粒子翻转发生。 |
| 6. | If metal shielding exceeds a centimeter , electromagnetic protection declines drastically , he explains , because impacts by energetic particles can cause strong electromagnetic bremsstrahlung radiation that can result in extensive damage . ( bremsstrahlung is german for the “ braking radiation ” produced when a charged particle decelerates rapidly as a result of collision with another body
他进一步解释，金属防护层厚度超过一公分时，电磁防护能力将大幅降低，因为受高能粒子撞击时，会形成强大的制动辐射，造成更大的损害（制动辐射是由于带电粒子碰撞其他物体而突然减速所造成） 。 |
